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Passive houses refer to the use of various energy-saving technologies to construct the best building envelope and indoor environment, greatly improving the building insulation and air tightness, so that the building's heating and cooling needs are minimized. On this basis, through a variety of passive construction methods, such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, solar radiation and indoor non-heating heat source to achieve indoor comfortable hot and humid environment and lighting environment, to minimize the active mechanical heating and The refrigeration system relies on or completely eliminates such facilities.
Germany first proposed the concept. Germany issued the first insulation regulations in 1977 and further revised the Building Energy Conservation Regulations (EnEv) in 2012. It has experienced six energy-saving phases, and the building heating energy consumption has dropped from the initial 200kWh/(m2a). Up to the current level of 45kWh / (m2a). In 2011, Germany proposed a new energy-saving target for houses: from January 1, 2019, the government office buildings will be built into near-zero energy-consuming houses; from January 1, 2021, all new houses will be built into near-zero energy-consuming houses. . The main indicators of German passive houses provided by the German Rongen Architekte Architects are shown in Tables 1 .
Item | Index Name | Index Standard |
Air tightness | n50 | =0.6 |
Total energy used in buildings | Total primary energy consumption | ≤120kWh/(m2a) |
Heating requires heat and heating load | Heating requires | ≤15kWh/(m2a) |
heating load | ≤10W/m2 | |
Refrigeration | Refrigeration Requires | ≤15kWh/(m2a) |
Indoor comfort index | Indoor Temperature | 20~26℃ |
Overtemperature Frequency | 10% | |
Indoor CO2 Content | =1000ppm |
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